1QL-70型固定壟起壟機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn).pdf
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- 1QL-70型固定壟起壟機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn).pdf
針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)西北一年一熟綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)固定壟保護(hù)性耕作起壟機(jī)具缺乏的問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了1QL一70型固定
壟起壟機(jī)。分析和確定了起壟犁、壟面成形裝置等關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。采用熟地型起壟犁,具有較強(qiáng)的翻土和
碎土能力;組合式壟面成形裝置通過(guò)與圓柱形鎮(zhèn)壓滾筒配合,在起壟時(shí)不僅具有較好的壟面成形能力,而且能對(duì)壟
床起到很好的鎮(zhèn)壓作用。田間試驗(yàn)表明:1QL一70型固定壟起壟機(jī)的起壟和修壟效果良好,起、修壟作業(yè)后壟形尺
寸和壟面平整度能較好地滿(mǎn)足河西走廊地區(qū)的農(nóng)藝要求。
關(guān)鍵詞:起壟機(jī)固定壟保護(hù)性耕作修壟壟形尺寸設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)
Abstract
Focusing on the problem of lacking suitable bed former for perm anent raised beds(PRB)in one
crop a year oasis agricultural region of northwest China,1 QL一70 bed form er for PRB was designed,and the parameters of key components were analyzed and confirmed for bed—form ing plough,combined forming-pressing device etc. Through adopting cultivated—type plough, the new bed—former could plough and smash the soil effectively.Combining with cylinder roller,the combined forming—presing device could not only form the bed shape,but also press the beds efectively.Experiment results showed that the bed former was effective in form ing and renovating the beds.Bed dimension and surface evenness after form ing and renovating could meet the requirements of the agronomy in Hexi Corridor.
Key words Bed form er, Perm anent raised beds, Bed renovation, Bed dimension, Design,
Experiment
引言
西北綠洲農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)是我國(guó)典型的灌溉農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū),由于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)長(zhǎng)期采用大水漫灌和傳統(tǒng)翻耕,不僅降低了水利用效率和農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,而且造成了土地嚴(yán)重退化和生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化u J。固定壟保護(hù)性耕作是相對(duì)傳統(tǒng)翻耕平作、漫灌的一種新型農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng),其基本特征是采用壟作和溝灌,永久保持壟床和壟溝,播種時(shí)作業(yè)機(jī)械在壟溝中行走、在壟上免耕播種,生長(zhǎng)期用壟溝進(jìn)行灌水,在下茬作物播種前,只對(duì)壟床進(jìn)行少量修整[4-5 J。國(guó)內(nèi)外研究表明,這一技術(shù)能節(jié)約灌溉用水,改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),降低生產(chǎn)成本和提高作物產(chǎn)量,并解決水資源缺乏、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益差和土壤退化等問(wèn)題[6-8]。隨著固定壟保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)的發(fā)展,這一耕作技術(shù)對(duì)西北干旱地區(qū)的節(jié)水和防風(fēng)沙、增加土壤肥力等有良好的應(yīng)用前景 9。而目前固定壟起壟機(jī)具缺乏是限制這一技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要因素,本文針對(duì)這一問(wèn) ...