基于單片機的智能測速儀畢業設計
摘要
在工程實際中，電機在運行過程中，需要對其監控，轉速是一個必不可少的參數，需要對其進行測量。測量轉速的方法分為模擬式和數字式兩種。模擬式采用測速發電機為檢測元件，得到的信號是模擬量。數字式通常采用光電傳感器等為檢測元件，得到的信號是脈沖信號。隨著微型計算機的廣泛應用，特別是高性能價格比的單片機的出現，轉速測量普遍采用以單片機為核心的測量方法。 本文設計的是運用AT89C51單片機控制的智能化轉速測量儀。本設計基于AT89C51單片機平臺，采用光電傳感器實施電機轉速測量的方法，硬件系統包括脈沖信號產生，脈沖信號放大、波形變換、波行整形和顯示模塊，以及PC機與單片機之間的串行通訊。充分發揮了單片機的性能。本文的軟件重點是采用C語言編程，測量速度并顯示在4位LED數碼管上。
本設計的優點是具有硬件電路簡單，軟件功能完善，測量速度快、精度高、控制系統可靠，性價比較高等特點。
[關鍵詞] 轉速測量；單片機；光電傳感器；電機，LED。
Abstract
In engineering practice, the motor needs to monitor when it is working. Because the speed is an essential parameter to the motor, the speed of the motor must be measured. The methods of speed measurement are classified into two kinds: analog and digital. The former adopt tachometer generator as the components of detection, the result of it is an analog signal. The later adopt photoelectric sensors as the components of detection, the result of it is a pulse signal. With the wide development of micro-computer, especially the emergence of high-performance and cheap MCU, the measurement of speed commonly based on the MCU. The design of this article is using AT89C51 Microcontroller to control the speed of monitor. This design is based on AT89C51 microcontroller platform, using photoelectric sensors as the main method of the motor speed measure.
The hardware system, including pulse generation, pulse amplification, waveform conversion, wave-line shaping and display modules, the communication between PC and MCU . The performance of micro-computer is perfect. The software of this article mainly adopt C language program, the measured speed displayed on four LED digital tube.
The advantages of this design is the hardware circuit very simple , software function very perfect ,react very fast , high precision ,control system reliable and good performance.
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